Categories of Resistance, Antibiosis and Tolerance, to Biotype I Greenbug (Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) Homoptera: Aphididae) in Four Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Poales:Gramineae) Hybrids

Resistance categories (antibiosis and tolerance) of four sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) hybrids to biotype I greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), were determined in environmental growth chamber and field studies. Greenbug weight and fecundity were lower on ‘Cargill 607E’ compared with ‘Cargill 797’. Percentage of leaf damage area was significantly less on two resistant hybrids (Cargill 607E and Cargill 797) after a 14-d greenbug feeding period compared to two susceptible hybrids (‘Golden Harvest 510B’ and Garst 5715). In growth chamber studies on sorghum seedlings, ‘Cargill 607E’ and ‘Cargill 797’ reduced greenbug weight significantly compared with ‘Golden Harvest 510B’ and ‘Garst 5715’. Greenbug weight was 2.9 mg/25 greenbugs on ‘Cargill 607E’, 3.1 mg/25 greenbugs on ‘Cargill 797’, 3.9 mg/25 greenbugs on ‘Golden Harvest 510B’, and 4.8 mg/25 greenbugs on ‘Garst 5715’. On field grown sorghum plants, ‘Cargill 797’ did not reduce greenbug growth compared with ‘Golden Harvest 510B’. ‘Cargill 607E’ had a negative impact on weight of greenbugs. Greenbug weight was 7.9 mg/25 greenbugs on ‘Cargill 607E’, 9.2 mg/25 greenbugs on ‘Cargill 797’, and 10.0 mg/25 greenbugs on ‘Golden Harvest 510B’. ‘Cargill 607E’ and ‘Cargill 797’ were resistant to biotype I greenbugs compared with susceptible ‘Golden Harvest 510B’ and ‘Garst 5715’. Antibiosis was confirmed as the primary category of resistance in ‘Cargill 607E.’ ‘Cargill 797’ was primarily tolerant but may have some level of antibiosis, because smaller greenbugs developed in some of the studies.